RUG
The Resources or Ecosystem Services/Uses/Governance (RUG) view of the system is an operational approach, based on system thinking, social-ecological systems, stemming from different operational management approaches
Cognitive maps
Cognitive maps are an essential step towards system thinking approach, especially for complex systems with lack of data and knowledge.
Stakeholder and institutional mapping
Societies can be mapped or modelled in terms of the relationships between institutions, and the ‘social capital’ of a society lies in its institutions and its local networks of trust
Forrester system mapping
A technique to visualise and identify the system feedback loops and management levers as well as to define the scope and limits of the considered system